Scoring With Dice
I throw three dice and get 5, 3 and 2. Add the scores on the three dice. What do you get? Now multiply the scores. What do you notice?
Problem
I have a handful of dice:
I throw three of them and get 5, 3 and 2:
Add the scores on the three dice. What do you get? Now multiply the scores. What do you get?
The next time I throw four of the dice and add and multiply the score as before.
This time the product is exactly 4 times the sum. What scores could I have thrown?
Again I throw four of the dice, adding and multiplying the scores as above. This time the product is exactly 5 times the sum. What scores could I have thrown?
For the last go I throw five of the dice and add and multiply the scores. The product is exactly 6 times the sum. What scores could I have thrown this time?
Getting Started
Try numbers which have products with suitable factors. For example $21$ would not be a good choice as one of its factors is $7$.
Student Solutions
Clement from Sha Tin College in Hong Kong has sent in this solution for Scoring with Dice:
For the first question, I had to find a combination using 4 numbers, and its product had to be 4 times its sum. I first tried to find a suitable number, with many factors. And it had to be big enough in order to fit the sum of the combination in.
I thought: 40 would probably be too small to fit the sum of the combination in and 44 only had 4 factors, so I tried 48. I listed all the factors: 2*24, 3*16, 4*12 and 6*8 and tried splitting each one of them into 4 steps, such as: 2*6*4*1 or 3*4*2*2 and I eventually came up with one: 6*2*2*2, the sum being 12.
I used the same method for the next two questions and came up with 5*3*2*2 which made 60, the sum being 12 and 3*3*2*2*2 which made 72, the sum being 12.
Thank you for this clearly explained answer Clement.
Teachers' Resources
Using NRICH Tasks Richly describes ways in which teachers and learners can work with NRICH tasks in the classroom.
Why do this problem?
This problem will require learners to work systematically and involve trial and improvement. Learners will need to use addition and multiplication and some knowledge of factors and multiples.
Key questions
Possible extension
Learners could throw four or five real dice and add and multiply the scores obtained.
Possible support
Suggest listing the factors of suitable numbers such as $24$, $30$ and $48$ to start with.